Reining in Punitive Discipline: Recent Trends in Exclusionary School Discipline Disparities

Concerns around disparities in suspensions and expulsions from schools the United States have resulted a concerted effort to reduce use of exclusionary school discipline. In this article, authors describe trends discipline Indiana Oregon, two U.S. states with different policy climates. The findings point substantial decline other forms both states. further find that racial socioeconomic recently narrowed states, though Black students who were identified as economically disadvantaged remain likely be disproportionately exposed These trends, their timing, illustrate broad-based change disciplinary norms has occurred over past decade.